BDS 3rd Year General Medicine Question Papers

General Medicine is an essential subject for BDS 3rd-year students, focusing on understanding systemic diseases and their dental implications. Preparing through comprehensive question papers helps students grasp important topics and excel in exams. This guide provides a collection of essential questions and answers for better understanding and revision.

General Medicine Important Questions and Answers

Question: Define anemia and explain its types.

Answer:
Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration in blood. Types include:

1. Iron deficiency anemia
2. Megaloblastic anemia
3. Hemolytic anemia
4. Aplastic anemia

Question: What are the causes of jaundice?

Answer:
Jaundice occurs due to hyperbilirubinemia. Causes include:

1. Pre-hepatic: Hemolysis
2. Hepatic: Hepatitis, cirrhosis
3. Post-hepatic: Gallstones, tumors

Question: List the clinical features of diabetes mellitus.

Answer:
Clinical features include:

1. Polyuria
2. Polydipsia
3. Polyphagia
4. Weight loss
5. Fatigue

Question: Explain the pathophysiology of hypertension.

Answer:
Hypertension is caused by increased peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output. Factors include:

1. Sympathetic overactivity
2. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation
3. Endothelial dysfunction

Question: What are the complications of hypertension?

Answer:
Complications include:

1. Cardiovascular diseases
2. Stroke
3. Renal failure
4. Retinopathy

Question: Describe the clinical features of hypothyroidism.

Answer:
Features include:

1. Fatigue
2. Weight gain
3. Cold intolerance
4. Dry skin
5. Hair thinning

Question: What are the causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer:
Causes include:

1. Smoking
2. Air pollution
3. Genetic predisposition (e.g., alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency)
4. Occupational exposure

Question: Explain the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Answer:
CKD stages are based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR):

1. Stage 1: GFR > 90 mL/min
2. Stage 2: GFR 60–89 mL/min
3. Stage 3: GFR 30–59 mL/min
4. Stage 4: GFR 15–29 mL/min
5. Stage 5: GFR < 15 mL/min (end-stage renal disease)

Question: What are the symptoms of infective endocarditis?

Answer:
Symptoms include:

1. Fever
2. Fatigue
3. Heart murmurs
4. Petechiae
5. Splinter hemorrhages

Question: Describe the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.

Answer:
Treatment involves:

1. Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole)
2. H. pylori eradication therapy (antibiotics)
3. Lifestyle modifications (e.g., avoiding NSAIDs, reducing alcohol)

Question: What are the causes of cirrhosis?

Answer:
Causes include:

1. Chronic alcohol use
2. Hepatitis B and C infections
3. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
4. Autoimmune hepatitis

Question: Define rheumatic fever and its major criteria.

Answer:
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease following a Group A streptococcal infection. Major criteria include:

1. Carditis
2. Polyarthritis
3. Sydenham’s chorea
4. Erythema marginatum
5. Subcutaneous nodules

Question: What are the clinical features of bronchial asthma?

Answer:
Features include:

1. Wheezing
2. Dyspnea
3. Chest tightness
4. Cough, especially at night

Question: Explain the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Answer:
Atherosclerosis involves:

1. Endothelial injury
2. Lipid deposition
3. Inflammatory cell recruitment
4. Plaque formation

Question: What is the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?

Answer:
Management includes:

1. Oxygen therapy
2. Aspirin
3. Nitrates
4. Beta-blockers
5. Reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis or angioplasty)

Question: What are the causes of meningitis?

Answer:
Causes include:

1. Bacterial (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis)
2. Viral (e.g., enteroviruses)
3. Fungal (e.g., Cryptococcus)
4. Parasitic

Question: List the symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Answer:
Symptoms include:

1. Fatigue
2. Joint pain
3. Skin rash (butterfly rash)
4. Photosensitivity
5. Fever

Question: Explain the complications of diabetes mellitus.

Answer:
Complications include:

1. Microvascular: Retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
2. Macrovascular: Cardiovascular disease, stroke
3. Diabetic foot ulcers

Question: What is the difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?

Answer:
Nephrotic syndrome: Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema
Nephritic syndrome: Hematuria, hypertension, oliguria

This collection of questions and answers for BDS 3rd-year General Medicine covers essential topics for thorough exam preparation. The structured format helps in easy understanding and efficient revision. Master these concepts for a solid foundation in systemic diseases and their dental implications.