Class 12 Half Yearly Question Papers PDF 2022-23

Half-yearly exams play a crucial role in preparing students for final exams. They cover essential topics in each subject, helping students strengthen their understanding. Below are comprehensive questions and answers for Class 12 half-yearly exams 2022-23, categorized by subject to aid preparation.

English

Question: Explain the significance of the title “The Last Lesson” by Alphonse Daudet.

Answer:
The title signifies the final French lesson taught in Alsace before German took over, symbolizing loss of language and culture.

Question: What is the theme of the poem “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers”?

Answer:
The poem explores gender oppression and a woman’s desire for freedom through her creative expression.

Question: What does the word “exile” symbolize in the poem “My Mother at Sixty-Six”?

Answer:
Exile symbolizes separation, loneliness, and emotional distance as the poet fears losing her aging mother.

Question: Why is M. Hamel emotional on the last day of school?

Answer:
M. Hamel is emotional as he delivers his last lesson, reflecting on lost time and the importance of preserving one’s language.

Question: What role does the classroom environment play in “The Last Lesson”?

Answer:
The classroom represents nostalgia and loss, highlighting the value of education and language amidst political change.

Question: How does Kamala Das depict her mother in “My Mother at Sixty-Six”?

Answer:
Kamala Das portrays her mother as frail and aging, creating a poignant reflection on mortality and separation.

Question: What does “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” symbolize?

Answer:
The tigers symbolize strength and freedom, contrasting with Aunt Jennifer’s subdued life.

Question: Why is the peddler called an ironmaster in “The Rattrap”?

Answer:
The ironmaster is a character who mistakenly identifies the peddler as an old friend, symbolizing trust and compassion.

Question: What is the central message of “Deep Water” by William Douglas?

Answer:
The story emphasizes overcoming fear through determination and resilience.

Question: How does “The Third Level” blend fantasy and reality?

Answer:
The story mixes fantasy and reality, showcasing escapism as a way to deal with stress and dissatisfaction.

Physics

Question: State Coulomb’s law.

Answer:
Coulomb’s law states that the force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Question: Define electric flux.

Answer:
Electric flux is the measure of the number of electric field lines passing through a given area.

Question: Explain the principle of a potentiometer.

Answer:
A potentiometer works on the principle of null deflection, comparing potential differences without drawing current.

Question: What is the function of a galvanometer?

Answer:
A galvanometer detects and measures small electric currents.

Question: State Ohm’s law.

Answer:
Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, provided the temperature remains constant.

Question: Define magnetic field.

Answer:
A magnetic field is the region around a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected.

Question: What is Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction?

Answer:
Faraday’s law states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (emf) in a conductor.

Question: Explain the concept of self-induction.

Answer:
Self-induction is the property of a coil by which it opposes the change in current passing through it.

Question: What is the unit of capacitance?

Answer:
The unit of capacitance is the farad (F).

Question: How does a transformer work?

Answer:
A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction, converting voltage from one level to another using electromagnetic induction.

Chemistry

Question: What is the octet rule?

Answer:
The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration of eight valence electrons.

Question: Define isotopes.

Answer:
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Question: Explain the concept of hybridization.

Answer:
Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for chemical bonding.

Question: What is the pH of a neutral solution?

Answer:
The pH of a neutral solution is 7.

Question: State Avogadro’s law.

Answer:
Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules.

Question: Define enthalpy.

Answer:
Enthalpy is the total heat content of a system at constant pressure.

Question: What are allotropes?

Answer:
Allotropes are different forms of the same element with distinct physical and chemical properties.

Question: Describe the process of osmosis.

Answer:
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high concentration.

Question: What is the valency of carbon?

Answer:
The valency of carbon is 4.

Question: Define corrosion.

Answer:
Corrosion is the gradual destruction of metals due to chemical reactions with environmental elements like oxygen and moisture.

Mathematics

Question: State the distance formula.

Answer:
The distance formula is √[(x₂ − x₁)² + (y₂ − y₁)²], used to calculate the distance between two points in a plane.

Question: Define a determinant.

Answer:
A determinant is a scalar value derived from a square matrix, useful in solving systems of linear equations.

Question: What is the derivative of sin x?

Answer:
The derivative of sin x is cos x.

Question: Explain the concept of a tangent.

Answer:
A tangent is a straight line that touches a curve at a single point without crossing it.

Question: What is the area of a triangle using its vertices?

Answer:
The area is 1/2 |x₁(y₂ − y₃) + x₂(y₃ − y₁) + x₃(y₁ − y₂)|.

Question: Define integration.

Answer:
Integration is the process of finding the integral or antiderivative, often used to calculate areas under curves.

Question: What is a matrix?

Answer:
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns.

Question: Define probability.

Answer:
Probability measures the likelihood of an event occurring, ranging from 0 to 1.

Question: What is the quadratic formula?

Answer:
The quadratic formula is x = [-b ± √(b² − 4ac)] / 2a.

Question: Explain an arithmetic progression.

Answer:
An arithmetic progression is a sequence where the difference between consecutive terms is constant.

Half-yearly exams are an essential checkpoint for students in Class 12. These questions and answers for various subjects provide a structured way to understand and revise concepts effectively. Prepare thoroughly to build confidence for the final exams and beyond.