Exam Syllabus For IIT JEE Entrance Exam 2024

The IIT JEE (Joint Entrance Examination) is one of the most competitive engineering entrance exams in India. It is divided into two parts: JEE Main and JEE Advanced. Here’s a detailed syllabus for both:

JEE Main Syllabus 2024

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Mathematics

Sets, Relations, and Functions:
- Sets and their representation
- Union, intersection, and complements of sets
- Algebra of sets
- Relations, equivalence relations
- Functions, one-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations:
- Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals
- Representation of complex numbers in the form $a + ib$ and their representation in a plane
- Argand diagram
- Algebra of complex numbers

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- Modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number
- Square root of a complex number
- Triangle inequality
- Quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions
- Relation between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, the formation of quadratic equations with given roots
Matrices and Determinants:
- Matrices, algebra of matrices, types of matrices, and matrices of order two and three
- Determinants and matrices of order two and three
- Properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants, the area of triangles using determinants
- Adjoint and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations
- Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices

Permutations and Combinations:
- Fundamental principle of counting
- Permutation as an arrangement and combination as a selection
- Meaning of $P (n, r)$ and $C (n, r)$
- Simple applications
Mathematical Induction:
- Principle of Mathematical Induction and its simple applications
Binomial Theorem and its Simple Applications:
- Binomial theorem for a positive integral index
- General and middle terms in binomial expansion
- Simple applications
Sequences and Series:
- Arithmetic and geometric progressions
- Insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers
- Relation between A.M. and G.M.
- Sum up to n terms of special series: $\sum n$ , $\sum n^{2}$ , $\sum n^{3}$
- Arithmetic-geometric progression
Limit, Continuity, and Differentiability:
- Real-valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions
- Inverse functions
- Limits, continuity, and differentiability
- Differentiation of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of functions
- Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite, and implicit functions
- Derivatives of order up to two
- Applications of derivatives: rate of change of quantities, monotonic-increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of functions of one variable, tangents and normals
- Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems
Integral Calculus:
- Integral as an anti-derivative
- Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions
- Integration by substitution, by parts, and by partial fractions
- Integration using trigonometric identities
- Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Basic properties of definite integrals, and evaluation of definite integrals
- Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, areas of circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form) using definite integrals
- Area between two curves
Differential Equations:
- Ordinary differential equations, their order, and degree
- Formation of differential equations
- Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables
- Solution of homogeneous and linear differential equations
Co-ordinate Geometry:
- Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, section formula, locus, and its equation
- Translation of axes, the slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes
- Straight lines: various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines
- Distance of a point from a line
- Equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines, coordinates of the centroid, orthocentre, and circumcentre of a triangle, equation of the family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines
- Circles, conic sections: Standard form of equations of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius, and centre
- Equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given
- Points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to the circle
- Length of the tangent
- Sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola) in standard forms
- Conditions for y = mx + c to be a tangent and point(s) of tangency
Three Dimensional Geometry:
- Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points
- Section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines
- Angle between two intersecting lines
- Skew lines, the shortest distance between them, and its equation
- Equations of a line and a plane in different forms
- Intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines
Vector Algebra:
- Vectors and scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product
Statistics and Probability:
- Measures of Dispersion: calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data, calculation of standard deviation, variance, and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data
- Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Bayes Theorem, probability distribution of a random variable, binomial and Poisson distributions, and their properties
Trigonometry:
- Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs
- Addition and subtraction formulae, multiple and sub-multiple angles
- General solution of trigonometric equations
- Properties of triangles, including centroids, incenters, circumcentres, and orthocentres
- Solution of triangles, Heights and Distances

Physics

Physics and Measurement:
- Physical quantities and their measurements
- Units and dimensions, Dimensional analysis, least count, significant figures
- Methods of measurement, Vernier calipers, screw gauge, and the measurement of time and mass
- Accuracy and precision of measuring instruments
- Errors in measurement, systematic and random errors, propagation of errors
- Absolute and relative errors
Kinematics:
- Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, position-time graph, speed and velocity
- Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity
- Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion
- Scalar and vector quantities
- Vector addition and subtraction, relative velocity, scalar and vector products, resolution of vectors
Laws of Motion:
- Force and Inertia, Newton’s First Law of Motion, momentum, Newton’s Second Law of Motion, impulse
- Newton’s Third Law of Motion, Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications
- Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction
- Dynamics of uniform circular motion, Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road)
Work, Energy, and Power:
- Work done by a constant force and a variable force, kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power
- Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies), conservative and non-conservative forces, Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions
Rotational Motion:
- Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation, and centre of mass motion
- Centre of mass of a rigid body, General motion of a rigid body, nature of rotational motion, torque, and angular momentum, Conservation of angular momentum and its applications
- Moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of rigid bodies of simple geometrical shapes, circular motion, rolling motion, Kinetic energy of rolling motion
Gravitation:
- Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation
- Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth
- Gravitational potential energy, gravitational potential, escape velocity
- Orbital velocity of a satellite, Geo-stationary satellites
Properties of Solids and Liquids:
- Elastic behavior, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s Law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity
- Pressure due to a fluid column, Pascal’s law and its applications, Effect of gravity on fluid pressure
- Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, Streamline and turbulent flow, Critical velocity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications
- Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension, drops, and bubbles
- Capillary rise, heat transmission through convection, conduction, and radiation
Thermodynamics:
- Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics)
- Heat, work, and internal energy
- First law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes
- Second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes
- Carnot engine and its efficiency
Kinetic Theory of Gases:
- Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas
- Kinetic theory of gases – assumptions, concept of pressure
- Kinetic energy and temperature, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases, mean free path, Avogadro’s number
Oscillations and Waves:
- Periodic motion – period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions, Simple harmonic motion (SHM) and its equation, phase, oscillations of a spring – restoring force and force constant
- Energy in SHM – kinetic and potential energies, Simple pendulum – derivation of expression for its time period
- Free, forced, and damped oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance
- Wave motion, Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect
Electrostatics:
- Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law – force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
- Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field
- Electric flux, Gauss’s law and its applications to find the field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)
- Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole, system of charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field
- Conductors and insulators, Free charges and bound charges inside a conductor, Dielectrics and electric polarization, Capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor
- Van de Graaff generator
Current Electricity:
- Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity
- Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors, series and parallel combinations of resistors, Temperature dependence of resistance
- Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel
- Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications, Wheatstone bridge, Metre bridge
- Potentiometer – principle and its applications to measure potential difference, and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism:
- Biot – Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop
- Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids
- Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields
- Cyclotron
- Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
- Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors – definition of ampere, Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field, Moving coil galvanometer – its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
- Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
- Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, Magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements
- Para-, dia- and ferro – magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths, permanent magnets
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents:
- Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents
- Self and mutual inductance
- Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current
- AC generator and transformer
Electromagnetic Waves:
- Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only). Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
- Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses
Optics:
- Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, Total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism; lens formula, magnification, power of a lens; combination of thin lenses in contact; Microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
- Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’s principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light, Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum
- Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, Polarisation, plane-polarised light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids
Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation:
- Dual nature of radiation and matter, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation – particle nature of light
- Matter waves – wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation, Davisson-Germer experiment
Atoms and Nuclei:
- Alpha – particle scattering experiments; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
- Composition and size of the nucleus; atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones
- Radioactivity – alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law, half-life and mean life of radioactivity; Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; Nuclear fission and fusion
Electronic Devices:
- Energy band in solids – conductors, insulators and semiconductors; Semiconductor diode – I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; Diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator
- Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor, transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator
- Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR); Transistor as a switch
Communication Systems:
- Elements of a communication system (block diagram only); bandwidth of signals (speech, TV, and digital data); bandwidth of transmission medium; Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, Sky and space wave propagation; Satellite communication
- Need for modulation, amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, advantages of frequency modulation over amplitude modulation
- Basic ideas about internet, mobile telephony, and global positioning system (GPS)

Chemistry

Physical Chemistry:
- Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry:
  - Matter and its nature, Dalton’s atomic theory, the concept of an atom, molecule, element, and compound
  - Laws of chemical combination, Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula, chemical stoichiometry, and calculations based on stoichiometry
- States of Matter:
  - Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states
  - Gaseous state: Measurable properties of gases; Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, Graham’s law of diffusion, Avogadro’s law, Dalton’s law of partial pressure, Ideal gas equation, Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square, and most probable velocities, Real gases, deviation from ideal behavior, compressibility factor, van der Waals equation
  - Liquid state: Properties of liquids – vapor pressure, viscosity, and surface tension and qualitative understanding of these
  - Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, and angles α, β, γ), close packed structure, (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices, packing efficiency, calculations involving unit cell parameters, voids (octahedral and tetrahedral), number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects
- Atomic Structure:
  - Discovery of sub-atomic particles (electron, proton, and neutron), Rutherford’s model, Bohr’s model, postulates and limitations of Bohr’s model, photoelectric effect, dual nature of radiation and matter, De-Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, atomic orbitals, Schrödinger wave equation, significance of ψ and ψ2, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p, and d orbitals, Aufbau and Pauli exclusion principles, Hund’s rule, electronic configurations of elements, atomic spectra
- Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure:
  - Kossel – Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, Ionic bonds, ionic bonding, Born-Haber cycle, Covalent bond – Lewis structure, VSEPR theory, molecular shape (geometry), Valence bond theory, hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2), concept of resonance
  - Molecular orbital theory – LCAO method, bonding and anti-bonding molecular orbitals, MO energy levels (diatomic molecules), electronic configuration of homonuclear diatomic species (H2, N2, O2, F2), bond length, bond order, and bond energy
  - Hydrogen bond
- Chemical Thermodynamics:
  - First law of thermodynamics, internal energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, work and heat calculations in thermodynamic processes
  - Enthalpy change and its measurement, Hess’s law, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution, and dilution
  - Second law of thermodynamics, entropy, free energy, criteria for spontaneity
- Solutions:
  - Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions
  - Raoult’s law, colligative properties, relative lowering of vapor pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular mass using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor
- Equilibrium:
  - Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium – Le Chatelier’s principle
  - Ionic equilibrium – ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, Henderson equation, Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solutions, solubility product, the common ion effect (with illustrative examples)
- Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry:
  - Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions
  - Electrochemical cells, electrolytic and galvanic cells, Electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, electrolytic conductance, specific and molar conductance, Kohlrausch’s law and its applications, Electrochemical cells, EMF of a galvanic cell, Nernst equation, energy and free energy changes of cell reactions, the relation between cell potential and Gibbs energy change, dry cell, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion and its prevention
- Chemical Kinetics:
  - Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst
  - Elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant, first order reactions, half-life of a first-order reaction, determination of rate constant of first order reactions
  - Collision theory of chemical reaction rates
- Surface Chemistry:
  - Adsorption – Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis, homogenous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis, colloidal state – distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecular, and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsions – types of emulsions
Inorganic Chemistry:
- Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties:
  - Modern periodic law and long form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements – atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence
- General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals:
  - Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores
  - Steps involved in the extraction of metals – concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods), and refining with specific reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn, and Fe
  - Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals
- Hydrogen:
  - Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties, and uses of hydrogen
  - Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water
  - Hydrogen peroxide – preparation, reactions, uses, and structure; Hydrogen as a fuel
- S – Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals):
  - Group – 1 and 2 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship
  - Preparation and properties of some important compounds: Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and sodium hydrogen carbonate; industrial uses of lime, limestone, Plaster of Paris and cement; Biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca
- P – Block Elements:
  - Group – 13 to Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties
  - Groupwise study of the p – block elements
  - Group – 13: Preparation, properties, and uses of Boron and Aluminium; Reaction of Aluminium with acids and alkalis
  - Group – 14: Carbon – catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties, uses of some important compounds: oxides
  - Important compounds of Silicon and a few uses: Silicon tetrachloride, silicones, silicates, and zeolites, their uses
  - Group – 15: Properties and uses of Nitrogen and Phosphorus; Allotropic forms of Phosphorus; Properties and uses of ammonia and nitric acid; Structures of oxides and oxoacids of Nitrogen and Phosphorus
  - Group – 16: Properties and uses of Oxygen and Sulphur; Allotropic forms of Sulphur; Properties and uses of oxides and oxoacids of Sulphur
  - Group – 17: Properties and uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens
  - Group – 18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon
- d – and f – Block Elements:
  - General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
  - Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4
  - Lanthanides – electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, and lanthanide contraction
  - Actinides – electronic configuration, oxidation states
- Coordination Compounds:
  - Coordination compounds – Introduction, Werner’s theory, ligands, and coordination number, IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism, Bonding – Valence Bond Approach and basics of Crystal Field Theory, colour, magnetic properties and stability of coordination compounds, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, and biological systems)
- Environmental Chemistry:
  - Environmental pollution – atmospheric, water, and soil
  - Atmospheric pollution – Tropospheric and Stratospheric
  - Tropospheric pollutants – Gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects, and prevention
  - Stratospheric pollution – Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer – its mechanism and effects
  - Water Pollution – Major pollutants such as pathogens, organic wastes, and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention
  - Soil pollution – Major pollutants such as pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects, and prevention
  - Strategies to control environmental pollution
Organic Chemistry:
- Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds:
  - Purification – Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography – principles and their applications
  - Qualitative analysis – Detection of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, and phosphorus
  - Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) – Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, and phosphorus; Determination of molecular mass: Silver salt method, Chloroplatinate salt method; Calculation of empirical and molecular formula
- Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry:
  - Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules – hybridization (s and p); Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: C = C, C ≡ C, -OH, -X, -CHO, >C = O, -COOH, -COOR, -CN, -NH2, -NO2, -R; Homologous series; Isomerism – Structural and stereoisomerism
  - Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)
  - Covalent bond fission – Homolytic and Heterolytic; free radicals, carbocations, carbanions; electrophiles and nucleophiles, electronic displacement in a covalent bond – inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation
  - Common types of organic reactions – substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement
- Hydrocarbons:
  - Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism (structural and conformations – Sawhorse and Newman projections), physical properties, methods of preparation (with special reference to Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s synthesis, and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids), chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion, and pyrolysis
  - Alkenes – Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation (with special reference to dehalogenation of dihalides, dehydrohalogenation of monohalides, and dehydration of alcohols), chemical reactions: Addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, and oxidation (Baeyer’s reagent and alkaline KMnO4)
  - Alkynes – Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation (with special reference to dehalogenation of tetrahalides and dehydrohalogenation of dihalides), chemical reactions: Acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, and water
  - Aromatic hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene: Resonance, aromaticity; Chemical properties: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution – nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene; Carcinogenicity and toxicity
- Organic Compounds Containing Halogens:
  - General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C – X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions
  - Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform & iodoform.
- Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen:
  - Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration
  - Aldehyde & Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C = O group, relative reactivity of aldehydes and ketones; important reactions such as Nucleophilic addition, Grignard addition, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.
  - Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: Halogenation, Nitration, and Sulphonation
  - Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it.
- Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen:
  - Preparation, properties, and uses of nitro compounds, amines, and diazonium salts: Amines – structure and nomenclature, classification into primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, preparation, identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines; Carbylamine test; Diazonium salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry
- Polymers:
  - General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization – addition and condensation, copolymerization
  - Natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization
  - Some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses – Polyethene, nylon, polyester, and bakelite
- Biomolecules:
  - General introduction and importance of biomolecules
  - Proteins – Elementary Idea of α – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes
  - Carbohydrates – Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D.L. configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance
  - Nucleic acids: Chemical constitution of DNA & RNA, Biological functions of nucleic acids
  - Vitamins: Classification and functions
- Chemistry in Everyday Life:
  - Chemical substances in daily use: soaps, detergents, cleansing action
  - Polymers in daily use
  - Chemicals in food: preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, antioxidants
  - Drugs – common drugs and their uses, analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, antibiotics, antacids, etc.

Mathematics

Algebra:
- Sets, relations, and functions
- Complex numbers, linear inequalities, linear programming
- Sequences and series, Permutations and Combinations, Binomial Theorem
- Matrices and determinants
Trigonometry:
- Trigonometric functions, equations, and inequalities
- Inverse trigonometric functions
Analytical Geometry:
- Cartesian and polar coordinates, Lines, and family of lines
- Circles, conic sections – Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola
- Three-dimensional geometry
Vectors:
- Vector algebra
- Vector geometry
Differential Calculus:
- Functions, limits, continuity, and differentiability
- Differentiation, application of derivatives
Integral Calculus:
- Integration, definite integrals
- Application of integrals
Differential Equations:
- Ordinary differential equations
Probability and Statistics:
- Probability theory, random variables, and distributions
- Descriptive statistics
Linear Algebra:
- Vector spaces and linear transformations
- Inner product spaces and orthogonality

Question and Answers

Q: What topics are covered in the Mechanics section? A: The Mechanics section covers:

Kinematics
Laws of Motion
Work, Energy and Power
Rotational Motion
Gravitation
Properties of Solids and Liquids
Fluid Mechanics
Oscillations and Waves

Q: Are there any changes in the syllabus for Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics? A: As of the latest update, the topics for Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics remain the same:

Thermal Properties of Matter
Thermodynamics
Kinetic Theory of Gases

Q: What are the important topics in Electromagnetism? A: Key topics include:

Electrostatics
Current Electricity
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic Waves

Q: What are the main areas covered under Physical Chemistry? A: Physical Chemistry covers:

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry
States of Matter
Atomic Structure
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chemical Thermodynamics
Solutions
Equilibrium
Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry
Chemical Kinetics
Surface Chemistry

Q: Which topics are included in Inorganic Chemistry? A: Inorganic Chemistry includes:

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals
Hydrogen
s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals)
p-Block Elements
d- and f-Block Elements
Coordination Compounds
Environmental Chemistry

Q: Are there any specific areas to focus on in Organic Chemistry? A: Important topics in Organic Chemistry include:

Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Polymers
Biomolecules
Chemistry in Everyday Life
Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

Q: What are the core topics in Algebra? A: Core topics in Algebra include:

Sets, Relations, and Functions
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Matrices and Determinants
Permutations and Combinations
Mathematical Induction
Binomial Theorem and its Simple Applications
Sequences and Series
Limit, Continuity, and Differentiability

Q: What should I study in Calculus? A: In Calculus, you should study:

Integral Calculus
Differential Calculus
Application of Derivatives
Application of Integrals
Differential Equations

Q: Which topics are covered in Coordinate Geometry? A: Coordinate Geometry covers:

Cartesian Coordinate System
Straight Lines
Circles
Conic Sections (Parabola, Ellipse, and Hyperbola)

Q: Is Vector Algebra part of the syllabus? A: Yes, Vector Algebra is part of the syllabus and includes:

Vectors and Scalars
Addition of Vectors
Scalar and Vector Products
Vector Equations of Lines and Planes

Q: What topics are included in Trigonometry? A: Trigonometry includes:

Trigonometric Functions
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Properties of Triangles
Height and Distance

Q: How frequently does the syllabus change? A: The syllabus for the IIT JEE Entrance Exam typically remains consistent year to year, with minor updates and clarifications. It is always advisable to check the official JEE website for the most current syllabus.

Q: Are there any specific books recommended for IIT JEE preparation? A: Some recommended books include:

Physics: “Concepts of Physics” by H.C. Verma, “Fundamentals of Physics” by Halliday, Resnick and Walker
Chemistry: “Organic Chemistry” by Morrison and Boyd, “Concise Inorganic Chemistry” by J.D. Lee, “Physical Chemistry” by P. Bahadur
Mathematics: “IIT Mathematics” by M.L. Khanna, “Problems in Calculus of One Variable” by I.A. Maron, “Higher Algebra” by Hall and Knight

Q: Is there a particular emphasis on any section of the syllabus? A: All sections of the syllabus are important, but typically, problem-solving and understanding of concepts are given more emphasis. It is crucial to have a well-rounded preparation covering all topics thoroughly.