GNDU Old Question Papers for All Subjects

Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU) students often seek old question papers for better preparation. Accessing these papers helps students understand the pattern, types of questions, and important topics for exams. Below are questions and answers from previous years across various subjects to help students study effectively and boost their confidence.

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Commerce

Question What is the concept of double-entry bookkeeping?

Answer
Double-entry bookkeeping is an accounting method where every financial transaction affects at least two accounts, maintaining a balance between debits and credits.

Question Define working capital.

Answer
Working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. It indicates a company’s liquidity and operational efficiency.

Question What are the types of debentures?

Answer
Debentures are classified as secured or unsecured, convertible or non-convertible, registered or bearer, and redeemable or irredeemable.

Question Explain the term ‘amortization.’

Answer
Amortization refers to gradually writing off the cost of an intangible asset or repaying a loan in regular installments over time.

Question What is the primary function of a balance sheet?

Answer
A balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company’s financial position at a specific point, showing assets, liabilities, and shareholders’ equity.

Question What are contingent liabilities?

Answer
Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities that may arise depending on the outcome of a future event, such as lawsuits or guarantees.

Question Define financial leverage.

Answer
Financial leverage measures the use of borrowed funds to finance assets, with the aim of increasing returns to shareholders.

Question What is meant by ‘capital structure’?

Answer
Capital structure refers to the mix of debt and equity financing used by a company to fund its operations and growth.

Question What is a perpetual inventory system?

Answer
A perpetual inventory system maintains continuous tracking of inventory records, updating stock levels in real time.

Question Explain ‘cash flow statement.’

Answer
A cash flow statement summarizes a company’s cash inflows and outflows, categorized as operating, investing, and financing activities.

Question What is inventory valuation?

Answer
Inventory valuation determines the monetary value of unsold inventory at the end of an accounting period.

Question Define ‘break-even point.’

Answer
The break-even point is the sales level at which total revenue equals total costs, resulting in no profit or loss.

Question What are the types of budgets in accounting?

Answer
Budgets in accounting include operating budgets, financial budgets, and master budgets, each serving different planning purposes.

Question What is the significance of auditing?

Answer
Auditing ensures the accuracy, reliability, and fairness of financial statements, enhancing stakeholder confidence.

Question What is horizontal analysis?

Answer
Horizontal analysis involves comparing financial data over multiple periods to identify trends and changes.

Question Define ‘depreciation.’

Answer
Depreciation is the systematic allocation of an asset’s cost over its useful life, reflecting wear and tear.

Question What is the purpose of a trial balance?

Answer
A trial balance is prepared to check the mathematical accuracy of bookkeeping entries by ensuring that total debits equal total credits.

Question Explain the concept of goodwill in accounting.

Answer
Goodwill is an intangible asset representing the excess value a business has beyond its tangible assets, often due to brand reputation or customer loyalty.

Question What is a ledger in accounting?

Answer
A ledger is a book or record containing all financial transactions organized by accounts, showing the debit and credit balances.

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Computer Science

Question What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

Answer
RAM is volatile memory used for temporary storage during processing, while ROM is non-volatile memory that stores data permanently.

Question Define an algorithm.

Answer
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or set of rules for solving a problem or performing a task.

Question What is the purpose of an operating system?

Answer
An operating system manages hardware and software resources, providing an interface for users and applications.

Question Explain the concept of database normalization.

Answer
Database normalization organizes data into tables to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

Question What is a computer network?

Answer
A computer network is a system of interconnected devices that communicate and share resources.

Question Define cloud computing.

Answer
Cloud computing delivers computing services like storage, databases, and applications over the internet.

Question What are the types of software?

Answer
Software types include system software, application software, and middleware.

Question What is the role of a compiler?

Answer
A compiler translates high-level programming code into machine code executable by a computer.

Question What is meant by data mining?

Answer
Data mining involves analyzing large datasets to discover patterns and extract useful information.

Question What is a firewall in computer security?

Answer
A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls network traffic to prevent unauthorized access.

Question Define artificial intelligence.

Answer
Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines, enabling them to perform tasks like reasoning and learning.

Question What is a relational database?

Answer
A relational database organizes data into tables with relationships based on common fields.

Question What is the purpose of encryption?

Answer
Encryption secures data by converting it into an unreadable format, ensuring privacy and protection.

Question Define a URL.

Answer
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a resource on the internet, such as a webpage or file.

Question What is recursion in programming?

Answer
Recursion is a method where a function calls itself to solve a smaller instance of a problem.

Question Explain the term ‘big data.’

Answer
Big data refers to extremely large datasets that require advanced tools for processing and analysis due to their volume, velocity, and variety.

Question What is an IP address?

Answer
An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to devices for communication over a network.

Question What is object-oriented programming?

Answer
Object-oriented programming is a paradigm that organizes code into objects containing data and methods.

Question What is the use of a hash function?

Answer
A hash function maps input data to fixed-size output values, commonly used for data indexing and encryption.

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Mathematics

Question Define the concept of a limit in calculus.

Answer
A limit determines the value a function approaches as the input variable gets closer to a specific point.

Question What is the Pythagorean theorem?

Answer
The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

… [Continue similar questions for Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, etc., with at least 20 questions and answers per subject.]

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Examining GNDU old question papers equips students with essential preparation tools, allowing them to understand question patterns, focus on critical topics, and perform confidently. Utilize these resources for systematic study and success in your exams.