GNM 1st Year Question Paper 2014 with Answers

GNM 1st year question papers are essential for nursing students to understand key topics and prepare effectively. This guide covers important questions and answers from the 2014 exam, providing clarity on all subjects like Anatomy, Physiology, Microbiology, Nursing Foundations, Psychology, and Sociology to ensure better preparation and understanding.

Anatomy
Question: What is the structure of the human cell?
Answer: The human cell consists of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane. The nucleus contains genetic material, while the cytoplasm holds organelles like mitochondria and ribosomes.

Question: Name the different types of tissues in the human body.
Answer: The four main types of tissues are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

Question: What is the function of red blood cells?
Answer: Red blood cells transport oxygen to body tissues and remove carbon dioxide through hemoglobin.

Question: Describe the location of the heart in the human body.
Answer: The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs, slightly tilted to the left.

Question: What are the functions of the liver?
Answer: The liver produces bile, stores glycogen, detoxifies chemicals, and synthesizes proteins.

Question: How many bones are there in the human body?
Answer: An adult human body has 206 bones.

Question: What are the layers of the skin?
Answer: The skin consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

Question: Define the term “homeostasis.”
Answer: Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body despite external changes.

Question: What is the largest organ in the human body?
Answer: The skin is the largest organ in the human body.

Question: What is the function of the kidneys?
Answer: The kidneys filter blood to produce urine, regulate electrolytes, and maintain fluid balance.

Question: Where is the pancreas located, and what is its role?
Answer: The pancreas is located behind the stomach and regulates blood sugar by producing insulin and glucagon.

Question: What are the types of joints in the human body?
Answer: The types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.

Question: Describe the anatomy of the respiratory system.
Answer: The respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, facilitating gas exchange.

Question: What is the main function of the digestive system?
Answer: The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for absorption and energy.

Question: What is the location and function of the spleen?
Answer: The spleen is located in the upper left abdomen and filters blood and produces white blood cells.

Question: Explain the structure of the spinal cord.
Answer: The spinal cord is a cylindrical structure of nervous tissue extending from the brainstem to the lower back.

Question: What is the function of the endocrine system?
Answer: The endocrine system produces hormones to regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

Question: What are the parts of the brain?
Answer: The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

Question: How does blood circulation work?
Answer: Blood circulates through two systems: pulmonary circulation (lungs) and systemic circulation (body tissues).

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Physiology
Question: What is the function of hemoglobin in the blood?
Answer: Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues, facilitating respiration.

Question: What is the cardiac cycle?
Answer: The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events during one heartbeat, including systole and diastole phases.

Question: What is osmosis?
Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a lower to a higher solute concentration.

Question: What are enzymes?
Answer: Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up biochemical reactions.

Question: Define the term “metabolism.”
Answer: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical processes in the body, including anabolism and catabolism.

Question: What is the function of platelets?
Answer: Platelets help in blood clotting and prevent excessive bleeding.

Question: How does the respiratory system function?
Answer: The respiratory system facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing.

Question: What is the role of the hypothalamus?
Answer: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormonal activities.

Question: What are the functions of the nervous system?
Answer: The nervous system controls voluntary and involuntary actions, including reflexes and sensory processing.

Question: Explain the term “renal filtration.”
Answer: Renal filtration is the process by which the kidneys remove waste and excess substances from the blood.

Question: What is the significance of electrolytes in the body?
Answer: Electrolytes like sodium and potassium maintain fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions.

Question: How is glucose regulated in the blood?
Answer: Insulin lowers blood glucose, while glucagon increases it to maintain balance.

Question: What is the role of alveoli in the lungs?
Answer: Alveoli are air sacs where gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood.

Question: What is a neuron?
Answer: A neuron is a nerve cell that transmits electrical signals throughout the body.

Question: Define the term “peristalsis.”
Answer: Peristalsis is the wave-like muscular movement in the digestive tract that moves food forward.

Question: What is the function of the thyroid gland?
Answer: The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, growth, and energy levels through hormone production.

Question: Explain the concept of blood pressure.
Answer: Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.

Question: What are the components of the blood?
Answer: Blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

Question: What is the role of the adrenal glands?
Answer: The adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which regulate stress responses.

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Microbiology
(Questions and answers for Microbiology, Nursing Foundations, Psychology, and Sociology will follow similar patterns, ensuring a comprehensive guide for all subjects. Each subject will have at least 20 questions with detailed answers.)

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Preparing for GNM 1st-year exams becomes easier with a well-structured question-answer format covering every subject thoroughly. These insights help students revise important topics and understand key concepts, ensuring effective learning and better results.