Pt BD Sharma University question paper

Pt BD Sharma University is renowned for offering a variety of academic programs, and preparing for its exams requires a strong understanding of the subject matter. This guide provides comprehensive questions and answers for all subjects, ensuring students have a solid resource for their preparation.

Medical Subjects

Question: What are the four phases of the cell cycle?

Answer: The four phases are G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (preparation for mitosis), and M (mitosis).

Question: Define homeostasis.

Answer: Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body despite external changes.

Question: What is the function of hemoglobin?

Answer: Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Question: What is an ECG, and what does it measure?

Answer: ECG, or electrocardiogram, measures the electrical activity of the heart.

Question: Describe the structure of a neuron.

Answer: A neuron has three parts: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon.

Question: What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Answer: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and other homeostatic processes.

Question: Define cardiac output.

Answer: Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.

Question: What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Answer: The kidneys filter waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine.

Question: Explain the difference between arteries and veins.

Answer: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood toward the heart.

Question: What are the types of muscle tissue in the human body?

Answer: The three types are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.

Question: What is the main function of the liver?

Answer: The liver detoxifies chemicals, metabolizes drugs, and produces bile.

Question: Define osmosis.

Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question: What is the function of platelets in blood?

Answer: Platelets help in blood clotting and prevent excessive bleeding.

Question: What are antigens and antibodies?

Answer: Antigens are foreign substances that trigger an immune response, while antibodies are proteins that attack these antigens.

Question: Describe the role of the pancreas.

Answer: The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels and digestive enzymes.

Question: What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer: The small intestine absorbs nutrients and minerals from food.

Question: What are the components of the central nervous system?

Answer: The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.

Question: Define hypertension.

Answer: Hypertension is high blood pressure, a condition where the force of blood against artery walls is too high.

Question: What are the functions of white blood cells?

Answer: White blood cells protect the body against infections and foreign invaders.

Dental Subjects

Question: What is dental caries?

Answer: Dental caries is the decay of teeth caused by bacterial infection.

Question: Define periodontal disease.

Answer: Periodontal disease is an infection of the structures around the teeth, including gums and bones.

Question: What is the role of fluoride in dental care?

Answer: Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel and prevents cavities.

Question: Explain the process of tooth eruption.

Answer: Tooth eruption is the movement of teeth as they emerge through the gums into the oral cavity.

Question: What is the difference between plaque and tartar?

Answer: Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria, while tartar is hardened plaque that forms on teeth.

Question: Describe the anatomy of a tooth.

Answer: A tooth has three layers: enamel, dentin, and pulp.

Question: What is the purpose of root canal treatment?

Answer: Root canal treatment removes infected pulp and seals the tooth to prevent further infection.

Question: What are dental implants?

Answer: Dental implants are artificial tooth roots placed in the jaw to support replacement teeth.

Question: Define malocclusion.

Answer: Malocclusion refers to the misalignment of teeth and jaws.

Question: What is orthodontics?

Answer: Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that corrects misaligned teeth and jaws.

Question: What is a dental crown?

Answer: A dental crown is a cap placed over a damaged or decayed tooth to restore its shape and function.

Question: What is gingivitis?

Answer: Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums, often caused by poor oral hygiene.

Question: What is bruxism?

Answer: Bruxism is the grinding or clenching of teeth, often during sleep.

Question: What is the function of saliva?

Answer: Saliva helps in digestion, keeps the mouth moist, and protects teeth from decay.

Question: What are the types of dental fillings?

Answer: The types include amalgam, composite resin, gold, and ceramic fillings.

Question: Define halitosis.

Answer: Halitosis refers to chronic bad breath, often caused by poor oral hygiene or underlying conditions.

Question: What is the role of a dental hygienist?

Answer: A dental hygienist cleans teeth, examines oral health, and educates patients on maintaining oral hygiene.

Question: What is a dental bridge?

Answer: A dental bridge replaces one or more missing teeth by anchoring artificial teeth to adjacent natural teeth.

Question: What is tooth sensitivity?

Answer: Tooth sensitivity is discomfort or pain in teeth when exposed to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic substances.

Pharmacy Subjects

Question: What is pharmacology?

Answer: Pharmacology is the study of drugs, their actions, and their effects on the body.

Question: Define bioavailability.

Answer: Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug that enters circulation and has an active effect.

Question: What are the types of drug administration routes?

Answer: The types include oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and topical.

Question: What is a half-life of a drug?

Answer: The half-life is the time it takes for half the drug’s concentration to reduce in the body.

Question: What are controlled-release medications?

Answer: These medications release active ingredients slowly over time for sustained effects.

Question: Define a generic drug.

Answer: A generic drug is a medication that has the same active ingredients as a branded drug but is sold under its chemical name.

Question: What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer: Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.

Question: What is the therapeutic index?

Answer: The therapeutic index is the ratio between a drug’s effective dose and its toxic dose.

Question: What is an adverse drug reaction?

Answer: An adverse drug reaction is an unintended and harmful response to a medication.

Question: What is drug resistance?

Answer: Drug resistance occurs when microorganisms no longer respond to a drug designed to kill them.

Question: Define antibiotics.

Answer: Antibiotics are drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Question: What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer: Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.

Question: What are antipyretics?

Answer: Antipyretics are drugs used to reduce fever.

Question: What is a placebo?

Answer: A placebo is an inactive substance given to a patient to test the effectiveness of a drug.

Question: What are over-the-counter medications?

Answer: Over-the-counter medications are drugs available without a prescription.

Question: Define immunosuppressants.

Answer: Immunosuppressants are drugs that suppress the immune system to prevent organ rejection or treat autoimmune diseases.

Question: What is a contraindication?

Answer: A contraindication is a specific situation where a drug should not be used.

Question: What are diuretics?

Answer: Diuretics are medications that increase urine production to remove excess fluid from the body.

Question: What is a clinical trial?

Answer: A clinical trial is a research study conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a drug.

Pt BD Sharma University provides extensive resources for diverse subjects, helping students excel in their exams. This guide ensures thorough preparation by covering key questions and answers, aiding understanding and retention.