Complete Guide to Biomolecules Class 12 NCERT Solutions for Students

Biomolecules Class 12 NCERT Solutions for students. Access detailed explanations, chapter-wise solutions, and more for effective exam preparation and understanding.

sample questions and answers for Biomolecules as per Class 12 NCERT. These questions cover important concepts that are essential for better understanding and exam preparation.

1. What are biomolecules?
Biomolecules are organic molecules found in living organisms. They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which are essential for life functions.

2. What is the basic unit of proteins?
The basic unit of proteins is amino acids. They link together to form polypeptides and proteins.

3. What are the four main types of biomolecules?
The four main types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

4. How do enzymes function in biological systems?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

5. What is the structure of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, and can be simple sugars like glucose or complex polysaccharides like starch.

6. What are nucleic acids?
Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, are polymers made up of nucleotide units. They are essential for storing genetic information.

7. What are lipids made of?
Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. They are used by the body for energy storage, insulation, and as structural components of cell membranes.

8. Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats.
Saturated fats have no double bonds between the carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

9. What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?
RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome where proteins are synthesized.

10. What are enzymes composed of?
Enzymes are primarily composed of proteins, and some may require cofactors or coenzymes to function properly.

11. What is the importance of vitamins in biomolecules?
Vitamins are essential nutrients that are required in small amounts to help various biochemical reactions in the body, such as enzyme activity and metabolic processes.

12. What is the function of DNA?
DNA carries genetic information that is used for growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.

13. What is the significance of peptide bonds in proteins?
Peptide bonds link amino acids together in a protein, forming a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional three-dimensional structure.

14. How does the structure of water support life processes?
Water is essential for life because of its polar nature, which allows it to dissolve many substances and support chemical reactions vital for life.

15. Explain the structure of glucose.
Glucose is a six-carbon sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. It has a ring-like structure in its most common form.

16. What are polysaccharides?
Polysaccharides are large carbohydrate molecules made up of many monosaccharides linked together. Examples include starch and cellulose.

17. What is the role of hemoglobin in the body?
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it through the bloodstream to tissues throughout the body.

18. How do amino acids differ from each other?
Amino acids differ from each other based on their side chains (R-groups), which determine the properties of the amino acid and its role in protein structure.

19. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA stores genetic information, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis. DNA has a double-helix structure, while RNA is single-stranded.

20. What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells. It provides energy for various cellular functions, including muscle contraction and protein synthesis.

21. What are triglycerides?
Triglycerides are a type of lipid composed of one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids. They are the main form of stored fat in the body.

22. How are proteins classified?
Proteins can be classified as fibrous (structural proteins like collagen) or globular (functional proteins like enzymes).

23. What is a double helix?
A double helix refers to the structure of DNA, where two strands of nucleotides wind around each other in a spiral shape.

24. What is the significance of the 20 amino acids in proteins?
The 20 different amino acids serve as building blocks of proteins. The sequence of these amino acids determines the structure and function of a protein.

25. How does a catalyst work?
A catalyst speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place, without being consumed in the process.

26. What are ribosomes?
Ribosomes are cellular structures made of RNA and proteins. They are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).

27. What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?
Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light energy, primarily from the sun, which is used to drive photosynthesis in plants.

28. How is DNA replicated?
DNA replication is a process where the double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical molecules. It involves enzymes like DNA polymerase.

29. What are the major elements found in biomolecules?
The major elements found in biomolecules are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.

30. What is the role of water in maintaining life?
Water is vital for all life processes. It acts as a solvent, participates in chemical reactions, regulates temperature, and transports substances in organisms.

31. What are antibodies?
Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that help protect the body from foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

32. How does the structure of lipids affect their function?
Lipids have a hydrophobic nature, which allows them to form cell membranes and store energy efficiently in the body.

33. What is the function of insulin?
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells.

34. What is the role of bile salts in digestion?
Bile salts are involved in the digestion and absorption of fats. They emulsify fats, making them easier for enzymes to break down.

35. How does an enzyme's active site work?
The active site of an enzyme is the region where the substrate binds. The enzyme then catalyzes the conversion of the substrate into products.

36. What is an isotope?
An isotope refers to atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, leading to different atomic masses.

37. What are the components of a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (either ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

38. What is a metabolic pathway?
A metabolic pathway is a series of interconnected chemical reactions that occur within a cell, leading to the conversion of substrates into products.

39. What are the functions of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Carbohydrates provide energy, serve as structural components in cells, and are involved in cell signaling.

40. What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?
Monosaccharides are single sugar units (like glucose), while disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond (like sucrose).

41. How do proteins help in immune response?
Proteins like antibodies are crucial in the immune system's defense against pathogens, by recognizing and neutralizing foreign invaders.

42. What is the role of the liver in metabolism?
The liver plays a central role in metabolism by processing nutrients, detoxifying harmful substances, and producing essential proteins.

43. What are enzymes made of?
Enzymes are made of amino acids and are often proteins that facilitate chemical reactions in the body.

44. What is genetic mutation?
A genetic mutation is a change in the DNA sequence, which can lead to variations in traits and sometimes cause diseases.

45. What is the function of nucleic acids?
Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are responsible for the storage, transmission, and expression of genetic information in living organisms.

46. What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
ATP provides the energy required for muscle contraction by enabling the interactions between actin and myosin filaments in muscle cells.

47. What is the importance of nitrogen in living organisms?
Nitrogen is a critical element in amino acids and nucleic acids, which are essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms.

48. How do lipids contribute to cell membranes?
Lipids, particularly phospholipids, form the bilayer structure of cell membranes, providing a barrier between the cell's interior and its environment.

49. What is the role of proteins in transportation?
Proteins like hemoglobin and ion channels help transport molecules and ions across cell membranes or through the bloodstream.

50. What are the types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
The three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Top Indian Books for Biomolecules Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Biology Class 12 (NCERT)
Author: NCERT
Publication: National Council of Educational Research and Training
Content: This book provides in-depth explanations of biomolecules and other biological topics. It covers key concepts like the structure of proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. It also includes practice questions and solved examples, aligning with the NCERT curriculum.

Trueman’s Elementary Biology Vol. 1
Author: Dr. M.P. Tyagi, Dr. S.K. Khetarpal
Publication: Trueman’s
Content: Focuses on detailed explanations of biomolecules and their biochemical processes. The book includes practice questions that test the understanding of concepts like protein structure, enzyme function, and genetic material. The questions range from basic to advanced levels.

Comprehensive Biology for Class 12
Author: S. R. Yadav
Publication: Laxmi Publications
Content: This book covers all aspects of biomolecules, offering clear explanations with illustrations. It features both theoretical concepts and MCQs for practice, helping students prepare for board exams and competitive tests.

Biology for Class 12
Author: Pradeep's
Publication: Pradeep Publications
Content: A comprehensive guide that delves into the structure and functions of biomolecules. The book includes detailed questions for each chapter, helping students practice and revise key concepts thoroughly.

Modern’s ABC of Biology
Author: Modern Publishers
Publication: Modern Publishers
Content: This book is well-suited for understanding biomolecules in detail. It offers a wide range of objective questions, descriptive questions, and practical-based queries that assist in preparing for exams effectively.

Cengage Biology
Author: Cengage Learning
Publication: Cengage Learning
Content: Known for its clear explanations and a variety of questions, this book focuses on biomolecular concepts, including the role of enzymes, structure of DNA, and metabolic pathways. It offers a good mix of theoretical content and practice questions.

Objective Biology for NEET
Author: Dinesh
Publication: Dinesh
Content: This book is tailored to help students prepare for competitive exams like NEET. It covers biomolecules in detail, providing a large collection of objective-type questions to test comprehension and application of concepts.

New Simplified Biology for Class 12
Author: Dr. D.B. Sharma
Publication: Vikas Publication
Content: This book explains biomolecules in a simplified manner with easy-to-understand language. It is ideal for building foundational knowledge and includes both descriptive and objective questions.

A Textbook of Biology for Class 12
Author: R.D. Sharma
Publication: Dhanpat Rai & Co.
Content: This textbook includes detailed explanations of biomolecules, along with a wide variety of questions for practice. It focuses on helping students develop a clear understanding of biomolecular structures and functions.

Pradeep’s Biology Class 12
Author: P. S. S. Suryakant
Publication: Pradeep Publishers
Content: This book includes an entire chapter on biomolecules, covering the structural and functional aspects of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It also provides numerous solved examples, objective questions, and practice problems.

Vistas in Biology
Author: S. Chand
Publication: S. Chand
Content: Vistas is an extensive biology book that contains various chapters on biomolecules, with detailed explanations and questions for practice. The book contains a mix of both theoretical and application-based content.

NCERT Exemplar Problems – Biology Class 12
Author: NCERT
Publication: National Council of Educational Research and Training
Content: The Exemplar Problems book contains higher-order thinking questions based on the Class 12 NCERT syllabus. The questions provided here test conceptual understanding, making it ideal for revision and practice.

Biology Class 12 (Goyal Brothers)
Author: Dr. S.K. Gupta
Publication: Goyal Brothers Prakashan
Content: This book offers a detailed overview of biomolecules and includes both theory and questions that will help you master concepts. It is suitable for both school exams and competitive tests.

Biology for Class 12 by M.S. Chauhan
Author: M.S. Chauhan
Publication: Bharati Bhawan
Content: With detailed explanations of biomolecular structures and functions, this book focuses on enhancing students' understanding of difficult topics. It includes a good collection of subjective and objective questions.

Complete Guide to Biology Class 12
Author: Dr. S.K. Gupta
Publication: Arihant Publications
Content: This guide provides a well-structured approach to studying biomolecules, with clear explanations and diverse practice questions. The book is useful for both competitive exams and board preparation.

Together with Biology Class 12
Author: R.S. Aggarwal
Publication: R.S. Aggarwal Publications
Content: This book includes comprehensive coverage of biomolecules. It also contains multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short-answer questions, and long-answer questions that challenge students’ grasp of the topic.

Biology Class 12 by L.M. Verma
Author: L.M. Verma
Publication: S. Chand & Company
Content: It provides a clear explanation of the different types of biomolecules, along with illustrations. The book contains important topics like enzymes, genetic material, and metabolic processes, along with exercises for practice.

Fundamentals of Biology for Class 12
Author: Dr. K.K. Sharma
Publication: Rastogi Publications
Content: This book is known for its concise explanations and detailed questions on biomolecules. It includes important sections like enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and molecular biology.

Self-Help to Biology for Class 12
Author: Dr. R.S. Aggarwal
Publication: R.S. Aggarwal Publications
Content: A student-friendly guide that presents biomolecular topics clearly. The book contains theory as well as practice sets for improving problem-solving skills.

Biology Class 12 (Rachna Sagar)
Author: Rachna Sagar
Publication: Rachna Sagar Publishers
Content: It offers a detailed understanding of biomolecules, with questions designed for both comprehension and revision. This book is designed to help students build a strong foundation for competitive exams.

Biomolecules Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Biomolecules form an integral part of the Class 12 Biology syllabus, especially under the NCERT curriculum. In this chapter, students explore the essential organic compounds found in living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These biomolecules are the building blocks of life and play a significant role in the body’s biochemical functions.

Understanding the structure and function of biomolecules is crucial for a deeper grasp of biology. In the NCERT textbook, students learn about the various types of biomolecules, their structures, and the roles they play in cellular functions. The chapter on biomolecules explains complex topics in a simple and straightforward manner, making it easier for students to prepare for exams.

To help students get a better understanding of these concepts, the NCERT solutions guide provides detailed step-by-step solutions to all the exercises given in the book. The solutions help clarify doubts and offer explanations for complex questions. The solutions are designed to help students not only in their board exams but also in competitive exams like NEET, where questions related to biomolecules are frequently asked.

One of the most important topics covered in the biomolecules chapter is the structure of proteins, which includes the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. These different levels of protein structures are essential for understanding how proteins function in the body, including their role as enzymes, antibodies, and transport proteins. In this section, the NCERT solutions break down each level with clarity, helping students grasp how each structure contributes to the protein's overall function.

Additionally, the study of enzymes in biomolecules is of great importance. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions, and understanding their structure and function is critical. The chapter goes on to explain the mechanism of enzyme action and factors that affect enzyme activity. The solutions to the exercises provide students with a deeper understanding of these concepts by offering practical examples.

Another key concept in biomolecules is the structure and function of nucleic acids. The solutions emphasize the structure of DNA and RNA, detailing how these molecules store and transmit genetic information. Students are guided on how to differentiate between DNA and RNA and how they play crucial roles in protein synthesis and genetic inheritance.

The NCERT solutions for biomolecules also address important concepts like the classification of carbohydrates, lipids, and their roles in energy storage and cell membrane structure. Students are encouraged to understand the practical applications of these biomolecules in everyday life and human health.

Through the NCERT solutions, students can confidently prepare for exams by practicing a variety of questions that assess both theoretical knowledge and practical understanding. The book provides a perfect blend of conceptual clarity and problem-solving exercises, ensuring students can apply their knowledge effectively in real-life scenarios.