Explore NCERT Solutions for Class 12 for Effective Learning and Exam Success

Get the best NCERT Solutions for Class 12. Detailed answers and explanations to help you excel in your exams and understand key concepts.

WhatsApp Facebook Twitter LinkedIn

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 offer a comprehensive guide for students aiming for academic success. These solutions provide detailed explanations and step-by-step methods, making complex concepts easier to understand. Whether it's Science, Commerce, or Arts, these solutions help in better preparation and scoring higher marks in exams.

Sample Questions and Answers for Class 12 Subjects:

1. English:

What are the major themes in 'The Last Lesson' by Alphonse Daudet?
Answer: The themes of patriotism, sacrifice, and the impact of language are central to 'The Last Lesson.'
How does the poet describe the beauty of the natural world in 'A Photograph'?
Answer: In 'A Photograph,' the poet reflects on the transient nature of life and how memories of a loved one can keep their essence alive.

2. Mathematics:

How can we find the roots of a quadratic equation?
Answer: The roots of a quadratic equation can be found using the quadratic formula: x = [-b ± √(b² - 4ac)] / 2a.
What is the difference between permutation and combination?
Answer: Permutation considers the arrangement of objects, while combination focuses on the selection of objects, regardless of order.

3. Physics:

Explain Newton's third law of motion with an example.
Answer: Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. For example, when you push a wall, the wall pushes back with the same force.
What is the principle behind the working of a lever?
Answer: The lever works on the principle of mechanical advantage, allowing a small force to lift a heavier load by using a fulcrum.

4. Chemistry:

What is the concept of hybridization in chemistry?
Answer: Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that are more stable and lead to the formation of bonds in molecules.
How do acids and bases react in a neutralization reaction?
Answer: In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with a base to form water and a salt.

5. Biology:

6. English:
- How does the story 'The Tiger King' by Kalki Krishnamurthy depict the theme of power?
  Answer: 'The Tiger King' explores the theme of power through the arrogance and pride of the king, whose obsession with tigers leads to his downfall.
- What message does the poem 'A Roadside Stand' by Robert Frost convey about rural life?
  Answer: The poem criticizes the economic hardships faced by rural communities and their struggle for recognition in a society dominated by urban centers.
7. Mathematics:
- What is the value of the determinant of a matrix and how is it calculated?
  Answer: The determinant of a matrix is a scalar value that can be calculated using various methods, such as expansion by minors or row reduction. It helps in determining the invertibility of a matrix.
- How is the volume of a sphere calculated?
  Answer: The volume of a sphere is given by the formula V = (4/3)πr³, where 'r' is the radius of the sphere.
8. Physics:
- What is the law of conservation of momentum?
  Answer: The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces are acting on it.
- What are the different types of electromagnetic waves and their uses?
  Answer: Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, each with distinct uses in communication, medicine, and technology.
9. Chemistry:
- What is the importance of the periodic table in understanding the properties of elements?
  Answer: The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and properties, helping to predict trends in reactivity, atomic size, and electron configuration.
- How does the concept of mole concept relate to chemical reactions?
  Answer: The mole concept helps in understanding the quantity of substances involved in chemical reactions by relating the mass of a substance to the number of particles it contains.
10. Biology:
- What is the role of enzymes in metabolic processes?
  Answer: Enzymes act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in metabolic processes, allowing cells to function efficiently and maintain homeostasis.
- How does the process of osmosis occur in living cells?
  Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to higher concentration through a semi-permeable membrane, helping to maintain fluid balance in cells.
- 11. English:
- How does the poem 'If They Come in the Morning' by Agha Shahid Ali highlight the themes of injustice?
  Answer: The poem explores the themes of racial and political injustice, as the poet urges the reader to recognize and stand against oppression, symbolized by the arrival of morning.
- What is the significance of the title 'My Mother at Sixty-Six' by Kamala Das?
  Answer: The title symbolizes the poet's contemplation of the aging process and the passage of time as she reflects on her mother’s frailty and her own fear of losing her.
12. Mathematics:
- What is the application of integral calculus in real-life scenarios?
  Answer: Integral calculus is used to calculate areas under curves, the total distance traveled, and in various fields like physics, engineering, and economics for optimization problems.
- How do you solve a system of linear equations using matrices?
  Answer: A system of linear equations can be solved by expressing it as a matrix equation and using methods like Gaussian elimination or matrix inversion.
13. Physics:
- How do electric circuits function, and what is Ohm’s law?
  Answer: Electric circuits allow the flow of electric charge, and Ohm’s law relates the voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit, stating V = IR.
- What is the principle of a transformer and how does it work?
  Answer: A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction to increase or decrease AC voltage in a circuit without changing the power.
14. Chemistry:
- What is a chemical bond and how does it differ between ionic and covalent bonds?
  Answer: A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together. Ionic bonds form through the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds form by sharing electrons.
- What is the role of catalysts in chemical reactions?
  Answer: Catalysts speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required, without being consumed in the reaction.
15. Biology:
- How does the structure of the human heart facilitate its function?
  Answer: The heart’s structure, with its four chambers and valves, ensures the unidirectional flow of blood, effectively pumping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to the body and lungs.
- What is the role of DNA in heredity?
  Answer: DNA carries genetic information passed from parents to offspring, determining traits and characteristics through the inheritance of alleles.
- How do photosynthesis and respiration relate to each other?
  Answer: Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in respiration to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide, forming a cycle of energy exchange.
- What is the significance of the human circulatory system?
  Answer: The circulatory system is crucial for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells while removing waste products like carbon dioxide.
16. English:
- How does the poem 'Ozymandias' by Percy Bysshe Shelley address the theme of impermanence?
  Answer: The poem highlights the fleeting nature of power and human achievements, as Ozymandias’ mighty kingdom has turned to ruins, reminding us of the inevitability of time.
- How does the story 'The Rattrap' by Selma Lagerlöf explore human nature?
  Answer: 'The Rattrap' explores themes of kindness and redemption, showing that even those who live a life of isolation and bitterness can find compassion and a change of heart.
17. Mathematics:
- What is the concept of limits in calculus?
  Answer: In calculus, the limit is the value that a function approaches as the input approaches a particular point, fundamental to understanding derivatives and integrals.
- How do you differentiate a function with respect to a variable?
  Answer: Differentiating a function involves finding the rate of change of the function with respect to a variable, using rules like the power rule or chain rule.
18. Physics:
- What is the role of gravity in the motion of celestial bodies?
  Answer: Gravity is the force that governs the motion of celestial bodies, holding planets in orbit around stars and controlling their trajectory in space.
- What is the working principle behind a refrigerator?
  Answer: A refrigerator works on the principle of heat absorption and transfer, using a refrigerant to absorb heat from the inside and expelling it outside, thus cooling the contents.
19. Chemistry:
- What are acids and bases, and how do they differ?
  Answer: Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution, while bases release hydroxide ions (OH⁻), and they react in neutralization reactions to form salts and water.
- How is the periodic table arranged, and what trends can be observed?
  Answer: The periodic table is arranged by atomic number, and trends such as electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic size can be observed across periods and groups.
20. Biology:
- What is the function of the kidneys in human excretion?
  Answer: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, maintaining balance in the body’s fluids and electrolytes.
- How do plants perform transpiration, and why is it important?
  Answer: Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves, helping to draw up water from the roots and regulate temperature.

Top Indian Books for NCERT Solutions for Class 12

Objective Physics for Class 12 – Dr. H.C. Verma (Popular Prakashan)
- Content: This book focuses on providing multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short-answer questions, and numerical problems. It is known for its detailed explanations and conceptual clarity, making it ideal for students preparing for competitive exams along with their board exams.
NCERT Exemplar Problems and Solutions: Class 12 Mathematics – NCERT (NCERT Publications)
- Content: This book provides a range of challenging problems along with solutions. It includes concept-building questions, application-based problems, and tricky examples to help students gain deeper insights into mathematics.
Chemistry Class 12 Solutions – Pradeep’s (Pradeep Publications)
- Content: The book contains detailed chapter-wise solutions for all NCERT Class 12 Chemistry exercises. It is structured to help students tackle both theory-based and practical questions with ease, aiding in a complete understanding of the subject.
Mathematics for Class 12 – R.D. Sharma (Dhanpat Rai Publications)
- Content: This book includes comprehensive solutions for NCERT Class 12 Mathematics problems. It is well-organized, with sections dedicated to derivations, theorems, and step-by-step solutions for each exercise.

Physics Class 12 Solutions – D.C. Pandey (Arihant Publications)
- Content: Known for its focus on theory and practical problems, this book offers well-explained solutions to all NCERT Class 12 Physics exercises. It is a great resource for students preparing for entrance exams like JEE.
Biology for Class 12 – Trueman’s (Trueman Book Company)
- Content: This book provides clear solutions for all the biology chapters in the NCERT syllabus. It includes diagrams, explanations, and solutions to difficult questions, making it an excellent resource for biology students.
Accountancy for Class 12 – T.S. Grewal (S. Chand Publications)
- Content: The book covers the complete syllabus of Accountancy for Class 12 with step-by-step solutions. It includes journal entries, ledger accounts, balance sheets, and various accountancy problems.
English Core: NCERT Solutions – S.R. Sharma (S. Chand Publications)
- Content: A collection of solutions for both prose and poetry sections in Class 12 English. It contains well-structured answers and interpretation of poems, along with practice questions to improve writing skills.
Economics Class 12 Solutions – Ramesh Singh (McGraw Hill Education)
- Content: This book includes solutions to all the exercises in the NCERT Economics syllabus. It provides real-world examples and in-depth explanations, helping students understand both micro and macroeconomics concepts thoroughly.

Political Science Class 12 Solutions – D.D. Basu (Lexis Nexis Publications)
- Content: A detailed guide to NCERT Political Science solutions with answers to all political theory and Indian politics chapters. This book helps in understanding the core concepts of democracy, government, and international relations.
History Class 12 Solutions – V.K. Agarwal (Arihant Publications)
- Content: This book contains well-elaborated solutions for all chapters in the Class 12 History syllabus. It includes key historical events, timelines, and answers to difficult questions to help students understand history comprehensively.
Business Studies for Class 12 – P.C. Tulsian (S. Chand Publications)
- Content: This book provides extensive solutions to all business studies problems in Class 12. The solutions cover case studies, practical business applications, and detailed analysis of key business concepts.
Geography Class 12 Solutions – Majid Husain (McGraw Hill Education)
- Content: This book covers solutions to questions on both physical and human geography. The solutions include maps, statistical data, and conceptual explanations that are vital for understanding the geographic content.
Sociology for Class 12 – N.K. Chadha (Goyal Publishers)
- Content: It includes detailed answers to sociology questions, with discussions on contemporary social issues, cultural concepts, and societal structures, making it an ideal resource for students of the subject.
Computer Science Class 12 Solutions – Sumita Arora (Dhanpat Rai Publications)
- Content: The book provides solutions to practical coding problems, theory questions, and algorithm-based problems. It also includes a comprehensive explanation of Python programming and its applications.
Psychology Class 12 Solutions – Mohd. Umar (Allied Publishers)
- Content: This book provides structured solutions for all psychology problems, including case studies and experimental research methods. It focuses on human behavior and mental processes, making it easier to grasp psychological concepts.
Physical Education Class 12 Solutions – P.K. Sharma (Kishore Publications)
- Content: This book offers solutions for topics related to sports, fitness, and physical education. It covers health-related fitness, sports psychology, and training methodologies.
Environmental Studies for Class 12 – A. P. Pandya (Anmol Publications)
- Content: The book focuses on environmental issues, sustainability, and ecology. It includes solutions to questions on climate change, pollution, biodiversity, and environmental laws.
Fine Arts for Class 12 Solutions – Sandeep Agarwal (Universal Publications)
- Content: This book offers detailed solutions for practical and theoretical questions in fine arts. It provides clarity on art forms, cultural heritage, and Indian traditions.
Hindi Core for Class 12 Solutions – Dr. N.K. Kaul (S. Chand Publications)
- Content: The book contains solutions to the NCERT Hindi syllabus, including poetry, prose, and drama. It helps students understand Hindi literature and practice writing answers for board exams effectively.

When preparing for Class 12 exams, one of the most important resources for students is the NCERT solutions. These solutions offer comprehensive explanations and answers to all the questions provided in the NCERT textbooks, serving as a guide for both theory and practice.

The NCERT solutions are particularly useful for building a strong foundation in subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Biology, as they provide step-by-step solutions to problems that help students understand the concepts thoroughly. With the right approach, students can use these solutions to tackle both objective and subjective questions in their exams.

Each subject has its unique challenges, and the NCERT solutions cater to these needs with clarity and detail. For instance, in Physics, students can practice complex numerical problems and learn the application of concepts. Similarly, Chemistry solutions guide students through chemical equations and reaction mechanisms, helping them master the subject.

Mathematics, a subject that requires precision, benefits greatly from the NCERT solutions as it breaks down problems into smaller, manageable steps. These solutions also include additional problems that help students prepare for competitive exams such as JEE. In Biology, the solutions not only help with theoretical knowledge but also guide students on how to present their answers effectively in exams.

The solutions for subjects like History, Political Science, and Economics are designed to improve a student’s analytical and writing skills. These subjects often require long, descriptive answers, and the solutions provide students with well-structured formats that ensure they cover all the necessary points. The questions are designed to test both knowledge and the ability to express it clearly.

In addition to the core subjects, NCERT solutions for languages like English and Hindi help students understand literary concepts, themes, and writing styles. They also guide students on how to interpret poems, stories, and essays, improving their reading and writing skills.

The solutions are not just for exam preparation but are also a valuable resource for students who wish to explore deeper into the subjects. Whether preparing for the board exams or competitive exams, the NCERT solutions provide a clear, concise, and systematic approach that can help students achieve success.