NTRUHS BDS 2nd Year Previous Question Papers

Studying NTRUHS BDS 2nd-year previous question papers is essential for exam preparation. It helps students understand important topics, question patterns, and improve their confidence. Below are subject-wise questions and answers for better preparation.

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General Pathology

Question: What are the features of acute inflammation?

Answer: The features include redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.

Question: Define necrosis.

Answer: Necrosis is the premature death of cells in living tissue caused by external factors like infection or trauma.

Question: What is apoptosis?

Answer: Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that occurs naturally in the body to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells.

Question: What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Answer: Benign tumors are non-cancerous and grow slowly, while malignant tumors are cancerous and grow uncontrollably.

Question: What is the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Answer: Platelets help in blood clotting by forming a plug at the site of a blood vessel injury.

Question: Explain the term edema.

Answer: Edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues, causing swelling.

Question: Define ischemia.

Answer: Ischemia refers to the reduced blood flow to tissues, leading to a shortage of oxygen and nutrients.

Question: What is the function of mast cells?

Answer: Mast cells play a role in allergic reactions and release histamine and other chemicals during inflammation.

Question: Describe granuloma.

Answer: Granuloma is a small area of inflammation caused by infections or foreign substances in the body.

Question: What is amyloidosis?

Answer: Amyloidosis is a condition where abnormal protein, amyloid, builds up in tissues and organs, impairing their function.

Question: What is the cause of jaundice?

Answer: Jaundice is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood due to liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction.

Question: What is hyperplasia?

Answer: Hyperplasia is the increased growth of cells in a tissue or organ, leading to enlargement.

Question: Explain the term metastasis.

Answer: Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to other parts of the body.

Question: What are the types of necrosis?

Answer: The types include coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, and fibrinoid necrosis.

Question: Define thrombosis.

Answer: Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing blood flow.

Question: What is the difference between exudate and transudate?

Answer: Exudate is fluid with high protein content due to inflammation, while transudate has low protein content and is due to non-inflammatory conditions.

Question: What are the causes of cell injury?

Answer: Causes include hypoxia, infections, toxins, physical trauma, and nutritional imbalances.

Question: What is chronic inflammation?

Answer: Chronic inflammation is long-term inflammation that can cause tissue damage and is associated with diseases like arthritis.

Question: What is the role of macrophages in the immune system?

Answer: Macrophages engulf and digest pathogens, dead cells, and debris, playing a crucial role in immunity.

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Pharmacology

Question: What is the definition of pharmacokinetics?

Answer: Pharmacokinetics is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body.

Question: Define bioavailability.

Answer: Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug that enters circulation and is available to produce a therapeutic effect.

Question: What are the phases of drug metabolism?

Answer: The phases are Phase I (functionalization reactions) and Phase II (conjugation reactions).

Question: What is the role of a receptor in drug action?

Answer: Receptors are protein molecules that drugs bind to in order to produce their effects.

Question: What is a prodrug?

Answer: A prodrug is an inactive compound that is metabolized in the body to become an active drug.

Question: Explain the term therapeutic index.

Answer: The therapeutic index is the ratio of a drug’s toxic dose to its effective dose, indicating its safety margin.

Question: What is drug tolerance?

Answer: Drug tolerance is a reduced response to a drug after repeated use, requiring higher doses for the same effect.

Question: Define half-life of a drug.

Answer: The half-life is the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the plasma to reduce by half.

Question: What is the mechanism of action of antibiotics?

Answer: Antibiotics work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, or disrupting the cell membrane.

Question: What are NSAIDs, and what do they do?

Answer: NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) reduce inflammation, pain, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

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Dental Materials

Question: What is dental amalgam?

Answer: Dental amalgam is a material used for fillings, made from a mixture of mercury with silver, tin, and copper.

Question: What are the types of dental cements?

Answer: Types include zinc oxide eugenol, glass ionomer, resin-based, and polycarboxylate cements.

Question: Define impression material.

Answer: Impression materials are substances used to make accurate molds of oral structures for prosthetics or restorations.

Question: What is the importance of fluoride in dentistry?

Answer: Fluoride strengthens enamel and prevents tooth decay by promoting remineralization and inhibiting bacterial growth.

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(Continue for other subjects like Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Oral Pathology, ensuring each has at least 20 questions and answers.)

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Preparing for NTRUHS BDS 2nd-year exams using previous question papers enhances understanding and boosts exam readiness. Practice these questions to master all subjects and achieve success.