The 12th-grade 1st Revision Question Paper of 2020 is a helpful resource for students preparing for their exams. The questions cover various subjects and are designed to test the understanding of key concepts. This article provides a collection of questions and answers for each subject to help students practice and prepare effectively.
12th Grade 1st Revision Question Paper 2020
English
Question: What is the theme of the poem “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost?
Answer: The theme of the poem is about the choices we make in life and how they shape our future.
Question: What are the characteristics of a Shakespearean sonnet?
Answer: A Shakespearean sonnet consists of 14 lines, written in iambic pentameter, and follows the ABABCDCDEFEFGG rhyme scheme.
Question: Define the term ‘metaphor’ with an example.
Answer: A metaphor is a figure of speech where a word or phrase is applied to an object or action that it does not literally denote. Example: “Time is a thief.”
Question: What is the significance of the title “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
Answer: The title symbolizes the destruction of innocence, as represented by the mockingbird, which only sings and does no harm.
Question: Explain the difference between active and passive voice.
Answer: In active voice, the subject performs the action (e.g., “She writes a letter”). In passive voice, the action is performed on the subject (e.g., “A letter is written by her”).
Question: How does George Orwell portray the theme of totalitarianism in “1984”?
Answer: Orwell portrays totalitarianism through the oppressive regime of Big Brother, which controls every aspect of citizens’ lives, including their thoughts.
Question: What is the main conflict in “The Merchant of Venice”?
Answer: The main conflict revolves around the bond between Shylock and Antonio, where Shylock demands a pound of Antonio’s flesh if he fails to repay a loan.
Question: Describe the character of Elizabeth Bennet in “Pride and Prejudice”.
Answer: Elizabeth Bennet is intelligent, witty, and independent. She values personal integrity and is not easily swayed by societal pressures.
Question: What is a soliloquy in drama?
Answer: A soliloquy is a speech delivered by a character while alone on stage, revealing their inner thoughts and feelings to the audience.
Question: Discuss the significance of the setting in “The Great Gatsby”.
Answer: The setting, particularly West Egg and East Egg, represents the division between the new money and old money, highlighting the social and moral decay of the American Dream.
Question: What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor?
Answer: A simile compares two different things using ‘like’ or ‘as’ (e.g., “as brave as a lion”), while a metaphor directly states one thing is another (e.g., “He is a lion in battle”).
Question: Analyze the character of Macbeth in Shakespeare’s play “Macbeth”.
Answer: Macbeth is a complex character who starts as a valiant warrior but becomes consumed by ambition, leading to his moral downfall and eventual death.
Question: What is the moral lesson in the story “The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant?
Answer: The story teaches the importance of honesty and contentment, as the protagonist’s dishonesty and desire for wealth lead to her downfall.
Question: What is the role of the chorus in Greek tragedies?
Answer: The chorus comments on the action, provides background information, and reflects the public’s reaction to the events unfolding in the play.
Question: Explain the use of irony in “Oedipus Rex”.
Answer: Irony is used in “Oedipus Rex” when Oedipus seeks to find the murderer of the former king, only to discover that he himself is the culprit, fulfilling the prophecy he tried to avoid.
Question: What is the significance of the opening line in “A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens?
Answer: The line “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times” highlights the contradictions and dualities of the period, setting the tone for the novel.
Question: How does Jane Austen address the theme of marriage in “Pride and Prejudice”?
Answer: Austen explores the theme of marriage through various relationships, critiquing the societal expectation that marriage should be based on wealth and status rather than love and mutual respect.
Question: What is the role of the supernatural in “Macbeth”?
Answer: The supernatural elements, such as the witches and apparitions, play a crucial role in influencing Macbeth’s actions and foreshadowing the tragic events of the play.
Question: What is the central theme of “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway? Answer: The central theme is the struggle between man and nature, focusing on the protagonist’s perseverance, courage, and dignity in the face of overwhelming odds.
Question: How does Harper Lee address the issue of racism in “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
Answer: Lee addresses racism through the trial of Tom Robinson, an innocent black man falsely accused of raping a white woman, highlighting the deep-seated racial prejudices in society.
Mathematics
Question: What is the derivative of sin(x) with respect to x?
Answer: The derivative of sin(x) with respect to x is cos(x).
Question: Define the term ‘matrix’.
Answer: A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns, used to represent and solve linear equations.
Question: What is the formula for the area of a circle?
Answer: The formula for the area of a circle is πr², where r is the radius of the circle.
Question: Solve the quadratic equation x² – 4x + 4 = 0.
Answer: The solution to the equation is x = 2.
Question: What is the value of the determinant of a 2×2 matrix [[a, b], [c, d]]?
Answer: The value of the determinant is ad – bc.
Question: Explain the Pythagorean Theorem.
Answer: The Pythagorean Theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides (a² + b² = c²).
Question: What is the integral of x² with respect to x?
Answer: The integral of x² with respect to x is (1/3)x³ + C, where C is the constant of integration.
Question: Define a logarithm.
Answer: A logarithm is the inverse operation of exponentiation, representing the power to which a base must be raised to obtain a given number.
Question: What is the sum of the first n natural numbers?
Answer: The sum of the first n natural numbers is given by the formula n(n + 1)/2.
Question: Find the value of sin(30°).
Answer: The value of sin(30°) is 1/2.
Question: What is the standard form of a linear equation?
Answer: The standard form of a linear equation is Ax + By = C, where A, B, and C are constants.
Question: Define the term ‘vector’.
Answer: A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction, often represented as an arrow.
Question: What is the value of π (pi)?
Answer: The value of π is approximately 3.14159.
Question: Solve the equation 2x + 3 = 7.
Answer: The solution to the equation is x = 2.
Question: What is the equation of a circle with center at the origin and radius r?
Answer: The equation of the circle is x² + y² = r².
Question: Define the term ‘arithmetic sequence’.
Answer: An arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers where the difference between consecutive terms is constant.
Question: What is the slope of a line parallel to the line y = 2x + 3?
Answer: The slope of a line parallel to y = 2x + 3 is 2.
Question: What is the formula for the volume of a cylinder?
Answer: The formula for the volume of a cylinder is V = πr²h, where r is the radius and h is the height.
Question: Define a complex number.
Answer: A complex number is a number of the form a + bi, where a is the real part and bi is the imaginary part.
Question: Solve the system of equations: 2x + y = 5 and x – y = 1.
Answer: The solution to the system of equations is x = 2 and y = 1.
Physics
Question: What is Newton’s first law of motion?
Answer: Newton’s first law of motion states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Question: Define the term ‘velocity’.
Answer: Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time, and it has both magnitude and direction.
Question: What is the unit of force in the SI system?
Answer: The unit of force in the SI system is the newton (N).
Question: Explain the law of conservation of energy.
Answer: The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another.
Question: What is the formula for calculating work done?
Answer: The formula for work done is W = F × d, where W is work, F is force, and d is displacement.
Question: What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
Answer: The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3 × 10⁸ meters per second.
Question: Define the term ‘momentum’.
Answer: Momentum is the product of an object’s mass and velocity, and it is a vector quantity.
Question: What is Ohm’s law?
Answer: Ohm’s law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it and inversely proportional to its resistance (V = IR).
Question: What is the difference between mass and weight?
Answer: Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass.
Question: Explain the principle of the conservation of momentum.
Answer: The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.
Question: What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?
Answer: The formula for kinetic energy is KE = (1/2)mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.
Question: Define the term ‘frequency’ in the context of waves.
Answer: Frequency is the number of complete wave cycles that pass a point in one second, measured in hertz (Hz).
Question: What is the difference between reflection and refraction of light?
Answer: Reflection is the bouncing back of light from a surface, while refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.
Question: What is the unit of electric charge?
Answer: The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C).
Question: Explain the concept of gravitational force.
Answer: Gravitational force is the attractive force between two masses, proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Question: What is the formula for calculating potential energy?
Answer: The formula for potential energy is PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height.
Question: What is the difference between a scalar and a vector quantity?
Answer: A scalar quantity has only magnitude, while a vector quantity has both magnitude and direction.
Question: Define the term ‘acceleration’.
Answer: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time, and it is a vector quantity.
Question: What is the principle of superposition of waves?
Answer: The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves overlap, the resultant displacement is the sum of the displacements of the individual waves.
Question: What is the formula for calculating the pressure?
Answer: The formula for pressure is P = F/A, where P is pressure, F is force, and A is the area over which the force is applied.
Chemistry
Question: What is the atomic number of carbon?
Answer: The atomic number of carbon is 6.
Question: Define the term ‘mole’ in chemistry.
Answer: A mole is a unit that measures the amount of substance, representing 6.022 × 10²³ particles of that substance.
Question: What is the chemical formula for water?
Answer: The chemical formula for water is H₂O.
Question: Explain the difference between ionic and covalent bonds.
Answer: Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms, while covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Question: What is the pH scale used for?
Answer: The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most alkaline).
Question: What is the periodic table?
Answer: The periodic table is an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number, showing the periodic recurrence of chemical properties.
Question: Define the term ‘electronegativity’.
Answer: Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract and hold electrons in a chemical bond.
Question: What is the formula for calculating molarity?
Answer: The formula for molarity is M = moles of solute / liters of solution.
Question: What is an exothermic reaction?
Answer: An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat.
Question: What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
Answer: A mixture is a physical combination of substances that retain their individual properties, while a compound is a chemical combination of elements with different properties from its constituents.
Question: What is the law of conservation of mass?
Answer: The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged.
Question: What is Avogadro’s number?
Answer: Avogadro’s number is 6.022 × 10²³, the number of atoms, molecules, or particles in one mole of a substance.
Question: What is a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
Answer: A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
Question: Define the term ‘oxidation’ in chemistry.
Answer: Oxidation is the loss of electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule during a chemical reaction.
Question: What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride?
Answer: The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl.
Question: What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?
Answer: Endothermic reactions absorb heat from the surroundings, while exothermic reactions release heat.
Question: What is the ideal gas law equation?
Answer: The ideal gas law equation is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.
Question: Define the term ‘acid’ according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory.
Answer: According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that donates a proton (H⁺) to another substance.
Question: What is the chemical formula for glucose?
Answer: The chemical formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆.
Question: Explain the concept of chemical equilibrium.
Answer: Chemical equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, resulting in no net change in the concentration of reactants and products.
Biology
Question: What is the basic unit of life?
Answer: The basic unit of life is the cell.
Question: Define the term ‘photosynthesis’.
Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
Question: What is DNA and what does it stand for?
Answer: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and it is the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.
Question: Explain the function of mitochondria in a cell.
Answer: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.
Question: What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and organelles.
Question: What is the process of cell division called?
Answer: The process of cell division is called mitosis.
Question: Define the term ‘ecosystem’.
Answer: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
Question: What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Answer: Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for use in photosynthesis.
Question: What is the function of the human respiratory system?
Answer: The human respiratory system is responsible for exchanging gases, taking in oxygen, and expelling carbon dioxide.
Question: What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
Answer: Autotrophs produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, while heterotrophs obtain food by consuming other organisms.
Question: Define the term ‘genetics’.
Answer: Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Question: What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
Answer: Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms.
Question: What is the process of natural selection?
Answer: Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce, passing on favorable traits to the next generation.
Question: What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?
Answer: Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, while recessive traits are only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.
Question: What is the function of the human circulatory system?
Answer: The human circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
Question: Define the term ‘mutation’ in genetics.
Answer: A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits or the development of diseases.
Question: What is the role of the nervous system in the body?
Answer: The nervous system controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body.
Question: Explain the structure of a typical plant cell.
Answer: A typical plant cell has a cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and other organelles, each performing specific functions.
Question: What is the function of the human digestive system?
Answer: The human digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body for energy, growth, and repair.
Question: What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Answer: Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to produce energy, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, producing less energy and resulting in byproducts like lactic acid.
Exam Pattern and Syllabus
The 12th 1st Revision exam typically follows a pattern that includes multiple-choice questions, short answers, and essay-type questions. The syllabus for each subject varies but generally covers all major topics studied during the academic year. Students should review their textbooks and notes to prepare effectively for these exams.
